Meat consumption and trade in historical perspective

This dissertation analyses the historical evolution of meat consumption and trade, focusing on Spain from the mid-20th century to the present while dedicating a chapter to a global perspective during the first globalization. Initially shaped by a Mediterranean diet and low meat intake, Spain underwent rapid economic growth in the 1960s, fuelling an increase in meat consumption and the adoption of intensive livestock systems. By the 1980s–1990s, per capita consumption was higher than in most European countries. The thesis aims to show the role of prices, income, and preferences in the evolution of meat consumption during this period. Inequalities disappeared in the 1980s but re-emerged later due to the consumption of more expensive processed meats. The global chapter highlights the role of England as the world’s main importer and the peculiarities of meat in trade during the first globalization. During the second globalization, Spain evolved into a leading pork exporter, boosted by the Home Market Effect, EU accession, and new demand from markets such as China.