Lowering of the level of blood loss of the defenders of Ukraine due to medical innovations during the first years of the russian aggression (pre-hospital stage)

Historic experience approves that wars encourage people to win powerful achievements in many branches of science and technology. The modern Russo-Ukrainian War is not an exception. The authors of the article trace he way of developments and implementations of Ukrainian innovations related to blood-stopping technologies in the practice of tactical medicine of the Defense Forces of Ukraine during the first years of this war, assess and sum up the innovation experience of their use in combat zones. Having taken the four-level doctrine of caring for the injured during the military operations as a basis, the authors have concentrated on the first (pre-hospital) level. The most critical problem at this level (stage) is the problem of the injured losing blood and reduction of the blood loss level. Achievements in the area of creation and application of the new chitosan-based blood coagulation activator and other chemical hemostatic agents (bandages, adhesive bandages, gauze sponges, etc.), tourniquets and hydrogel dressings for treatment of wounds and burns are clarified. New methods revolutionizing the approaches to treatment of acute blood loss have been developed. The authors have concluded that these innovations provide invaluable incentive to development of theory and practice of tactical medicine.