Clinical aspects and differentiated therapy strategies for idiopathic form of restless legs syndrome

Abstract. Introduction. Restless legs syndrome is a disease with a polyetiological nature, including genetic, neurological and metabolic factors. Its prevalence is about 5-10% in the adult population. The severity of symptoms varies from mild forms to severe conditions that significantly reduce the quality of life of patients. The aim of this study to evaluate clinical manifestations, dynamics of laboratory parameters and effectiveness of therapy in patients with idiopathic restless legs syndrome. Material and Methods. The study involved 51 patients (17 men and 34 women), in whom clinical manifestations, blood biochemical parameters, coagulogram, vitamin and hormone levels, immunological markers were studied, and the impact of the disease on the quality of life and psycho-emotional state were assessed. Results and Discussion. The study analyzed data from 51 patients with idiopathic restless legs syndrome, including 17 men and 34 women. Key factors affecting symptom severity were identified, including iron deficiency (49% of patients), vitamin D deficiency (70.5%), vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency (37.2%), magnesium and calcium deficiency (52.9%), and hypothyroidism (29.41%). Statistical analysis showed significant correlations between ferritin, vitamin D, and IL-6 levels and the severity of the disease symptoms (p < 0.05). Complex therapy aimed at correction of the identified deficiencies led to the improvement of the patients’ condition, reduction of inflammatory markers, and decrease in the severity of symptoms. Conclusions. The study demonstrates the key role of vitamin and mineral balance, inflammatory, and hormonal factors in the pathogenesis of restless legs syndrome. Correction of iron, vitamin D, and magnesium deficiency significantly improves the clinical manifestations of the disease, and taking into account sex differences allows increasing the therapy effeciency. A comprehensive and individualized approach to treatment provides a significant reduction in symptomatology and improvement in the quality of life of patients.