Afterloader integrated EMT enables improved dwell position model definition and quality assurance in Venezia gynaecological brachytherapy applicators

<i>Objective.</i>In brachytherapy for gynecological cancers using intracavitary applicators, implant reconstruction is commonly performed using applicator libraries. These libraries contain applicator geometry models as well as dwell position (DP) models defined in respect to the applicator geometry. In this study, we investigate whether an afterloader integrated electromagnetic tracking (EMT) system can be utilized for DP model definition and quality assurance in such applicators.<i>Approach.</i>DPs in four sets of two configurations of the Elekta Venezia Advanced Gynaecological Applicator (22 mm ovoids/40 mm intrauterine (IU) and 26 mm ovoids/70 mm IU) were measured using an afterloader integrated EMT system. Measurements were evaluated for reproducibility and compared against manufacturer-specified (MS) DPs and a computed tomography (CT)-corrected DP model.<i>Main Results.</i>Excellent EMT measurement reproducibility was observed, with values of ⩽0.2 mm for both configurations. The overall reproducibility, including applicator geometry reproducibility, was ⩽0.4 mm for both configurations. Significant discrepancies from the manufacturer's DP model were observed, with a mean ± sd deviation of 1.13 ± 0.66 mm (22/40) and 1.37 ± 0.63 (26/70), particularly in the IU channel, where MS DPs were not experimentally defined. Discrepancies were reduced to 0.89 ± 0.41 mm (22/40) and 0.81 ± 0.33 mm (26/70) when the CT-corrected DP model was used as baseline, highlighting the need for experimentally defined DP models. The overall uncertainty of single measurements was below the clinically acceptable 2 mm limit.<i>Significance.</i>This study confirms that afterloader integrated EMT can accurately reconstruct source paths in gynecological brachytherapy applicators and supports its incorporation into clinical workflows for improved quality assurance and treatment precision. The importance of EMT for quality assurance was highlighted by measured deviations from manufacturer's DP model in a clinical relevant part of the IU channel.