Deep Eutectic Solvent Derived from Paracetamol for Efficient Enzymatic Biotransformation

Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) has emerged as a promising green solvent for use in various chemical reactions, including enzymatic reactions. In this study, a paracetamol-based DES was synthesized and characterized for its physicochemical properties. Additionally, molecular simulation was performed to investigate the DES's effect on the Candida rugosa lipase activity. The characterization analyses confirmed that the paracetamol-based DES possessed similar functional groups to its original components but exhibited a lower melting point. The enzymatic activity of the lipase in the presence of the synthesized DES was significantly enhanced, leading to a high yield of free fatty acids (348.30 µmole). This study is the first to demonstrate the use of a paracetamol-based DES for enzymatic activity, providing evidence that DESs are an efficient replacement for conventional organic solvents in enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Molecular simulation results showed that the DES's active ingredient, pTSA, exhibited potent catalytic properties and protonation abilities, which contributed to the observed enhancement in lipase activity. Furthermore, the paracetamol molecule present in the DES was found to have a significant impact on the chemical environment surrounding lipase, leading to indirect effects on its activity. In conclusion, this study offers a promising strategy for utilizing greener solvents in enzymatic reactions, demonstrating the potential of DESs as a versatile tool for enhancing the catalytic activity of enzymes. The results of this study highlight the importance of exploring alternative green solvents and provide a foundation for future research in this area.