ANTI-BIOFILM AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS ETHANOL AND AQUEOUS EXTRACTS AGAINST STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS, PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS AND CANDIDA ALBICANS

The current investigation was carried out to determine the total polyphenol and total flavonoids of Camellia sinensis, lemongrass, rosemary, and Sea buckthorn aqueous and ethanol extracts and its antibiofilm (Crystal Violet Staining Assay), antimicrobial activity (well diffusion and micro-dilution techniques) and viable cell inhibition assay against oral infection causing microbes by good diffusion and micro-dilution techniques. The results showed that the total polyphenol compounds in the ethanol range were (55±00-150±0.5 mg GAE/g sample) and the aqueous extracts range was (50±0.4-110±0.2 mg QE/g of sample). The total flavonoids in the ethanol were found in the range (24±0.1-24±0.1 mg GAE/g sample) and the aqueous extracts were found in the range (20±0.1-70±0.2 mg QE/g of sample). The maximum zone of inhibition was 20±0.1mm, and 19±0.6mm was observed against Streptococcus mutans by ethanol extracts of Camellia sinensis and lemongrass respectively. The lowest zones of inhibition 09±0.1mm and 10±0.4mm were shown in Sea buckthorn aqueous extracts against Candida albicans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. The range of MIC (mg/mL) for Camellia sinensis (3.9-62.5), lemongrass (3.9-125), rosemary (15.6-250), and Sea buckthorn (500-1000) against the tested microbes. The two (02) biofilm development stages were investigated, which were the prevention of biofilm attachment (T0) and destruction of 24h pre-formed biofilm (T24). It was found that maximum biofilm inhibition (T0) was found 85±0.1% and that maximum biofilm disruption (T24) was found in aqueous extract treatment (65±0.3%) against Streptococcus mutans. Therefore, the studies of plant extracts have the latent utilization in the synthesis of mouthwash, toothpaste, and other drugs associated with numerous mouth diseases.