Development of a Sub-millisecond X-ray Diffraction System under Changing Temperature and Pressure Conditions

The versatility of diamond anvil cells（DACs） makes them essential for fields such as geoscience, condensed matter physics and materials synthesis. At BL10XU, SPring-8, we have developed a user-friendly measurement platform to facilitate advanced experiments for all users. While DACs have been widely used for static high-pressure studies, recent advancements have driven a growing demand for dynamic and non-equilibrium high-pressure experiments. To meet this need, we developed a submillisecond X-ray diffraction（XRD） system for in-situ measurements of small high-pressure samples using DACs. By synchronizing a high-speed 2D X-ray detector, laser heating and temperature measurement system and gas-pressure control system, we achieved precise control over rapid heating（up to 5000 K）, fast cooling and dynamic compression/decompression processes. This system enables real-time observation of structural changes under extreme conditions, such as those simulating meteorite impacts. I will present details of this system and experimental results under complex dynamic conditions.