International tourism and global biodiversity risks

The impact of international tourism on biodiversity risks has received considerable attention, yet quantitative research in this field remains relatively limited. This study constructs a biodiversity risk index for 155 countries and regions spanning the years 2001 to 2019, analyzing how international tourism influences biodiversity risks in destination countries. The results indicate that the growth of international tourism significantly elevates biodiversity risks, with these effects displaying both lagged and cumulative characteristics. Furthermore, spatial analysis shows that international tourism also intensifies biodiversity risks in neighboring countries. The extent of its impact varies according to the tourism model and destination. In addition, government regulations and international financial assistance play a crucial role in mitigating the biodiversity risks associated with international tourism. • International tourism increases growth biodiversity risks in destination countries. • Biodiversity risks due to tourism persist and accumulate over time. • Tourism-driven biodiversity risks can spillover into neighboring countries. • The impact varies by the tourism model and development status of the destination. • Financial aids and regulations can mitigate the ecological impacts of tourism.