DS Net: A Dual-Coded Segmentation Network Leveraging Large Model Prior Knowledge for Intelligent Landslide Extraction

Landslides are characterized by their suddenness and destructive power, making rapid and accurate identification crucial for emergency rescue and disaster assessment in affected areas. To address the challenges of limited landslide samples and data complexity, a landslide identification sample library was constructed using high-resolution remote sensing imagery combined with field validation. An innovative Dual-Coded Segmentation Network (DS Net), which realizes dynamic alignment and deep fusion of local details and global context, image features and domain knowledge through the multi-attention mechanism of Prior Knowledge Integration (PKI) module and Cross-Feature Aggregation (CFA) module, significantly improves the landslide detection accuracy and reliability. To objectively evaluate the performance of the DS Net model, four efficient semantic segmentation models—SegFormer, SegNeXt, FeedFormer, and U-MixFormer—were selected for comparison. The results demonstrate that DS Net achieves superior performance (overall accuracy = 0.926, precision = 0.884, recall = 0.879, and F1-score = 0.882), with metrics that are 3.5–7.1% higher than the other models. These findings confirm that DS Net effectively improves the accuracy and efficiency of landslide identification, providing a critical scientific basis for landslide prevention and mitigation.