Characteristics of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis in relation to the presence or absence of patent ductus arteriosus

HsPDA in neonates not only affects the severity and progression of NEC but also exerts an impact on multi-system functions. This includes exacerbating respiratory issues (due to high pulmonary blood flow and increased need for ventilatory support), increasing the load on the left ventricular blood flow, promoting hypercoagulability, disrupting calcium metabolism, and raising the risk of sepsis and IVH.