Overcoming inequalities: the social role of the federal institutes in Brazil’s vocational education system

Purpose This study analyses the social role of the federal institutes (FIs) in Brazil’s vocational education system, emphasising their impact on workforce development, social mobility and regional growth. Despite the importance of vocational education, societal undervaluation affects enrolment and institutional effectiveness. The research investigates FIs potential to enhance accessibility, inclusion and regional development based on academic and administrative staff perspectives. Design/methodology/approach Using a qualitative exploratory approach, this study conducted a structured content analysis of semi-structured interviews with academic and administrative staff at FIs. The analysis sought to capture subjective perceptions, institutional challenges and strategies for strengthening the role of FIs’ in vocational education participation and regional transformation. Findings The results highlight FIs as crucial social institutions that enhance vocational education through community engagement, partnerships with local industries and accessibility for marginalised groups. However, the findings also reveal persistent challenges, including public perception issues, financial constraints and competition with academic pathways. These factors affect the visibility and attractiveness of VET as a viable and prestigious career option. Research limitations/implications This study acknowledges limitations due to its sample size and the potential bias of interviewees. Future research should adopt a holistic, quantitative approach to understand students’ educational choices better, integrate perspectives from teachers and businesses and strengthen the empirical foundation of VET in Brazil. Originality/value This study highlights the need to combat the social stigma surrounding vocational education through more substantial institutional support and awareness campaigns. Enhancing the visibility of FIs can help establish vocational education as a respected pathway, further promoting equitable access, workforce development and regional economic growth in Brazil.