Active-modulated fluorescence fluctuation super-resolution microscopy with multi-resolution analysis

A new scheme of super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI) is proposed to broaden its application in the high-order cumulant reconstruction by optimizing blinking characteristics, eliminating noise in raw data and applying multi-resolution analysis in cumulant reconstruction. A motor-driven rotating mask optical modulation system is designed to adjust the excitation light field and allows for fast deployment. Active-modulated fluorescence fluctuation super-resolution microscopy with multi-resolution analysis (AMF-MRA-SOFI) demonstrates enhanced resolution ability and reconstruction quality in experiments performed on sample of conventional dyes, achieving a resolution of 100[Formula: see text]nm in the fourth order compared to conventional SOFI reconstruction. Furthermore, our approach combining expansion super-resolution achieved a resolution at [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]nm.