Dynamic control of third-order nonlinear absorption coefficient of gold nanoparticle/liquid crystal composites under external electric fields

This study investigates the dynamic control of third-order nonlinear optical absorption properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) dispersed in nematic liquid crystals (LCs). By leveraging the reconfigurable nature of LCs under external electric fields, we demonstrate the ability to manipulate the nonlinear absorption via AuNP alignment, dimer formation, and subsequently the plasmon coupling effects. Planar-oriented and degenerate LC cells were prepared, and their optical responses under varying electric fields were characterized using polarization microscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and [Formula: see text]-scan techniques. In planar cells, the applied electric field reorients LC molecules and AuNPs, influencing plasmon coupling and nonlinear absorption. Conversely, degenerate cells exhibit more complex behaviors due to multiple LC alignment directions. These findings illustrate the potential of AuNP/nematic LC systems for creating tunable photonic devices responsive to external stimuli.