Freedom of Expression and Criminal Liability for Journalists Under Jordanian Legislation

This paper aims to shed light on the journalist’s freedom of opinion and expression and the criminal responsibility he bears in adhering to the laws, regulations, and public order in society. It seeks to clarify the idea of freedom of the press, the penalties imposed by legislation, and the importance of maintaining a balance in journalism between the right to express opinions and the freedom of expression that is constitutionally, legally, and internationally protected. It also aims to clarify a journalist’s rights and duties, which legislation must balance to achieve professional responsibility within the law. The issue at hand is that many developing countries restrict press freedom under the guise of protecting individuals, groups, and society. They also use vague legal texts that can hinder journalistic freedom, making it necessary to paper the criminal responsibility imposed on journalists. This paper examines both the restrictions and freedoms of journalists, including their right to practice their profession according to the Constitution, international covenants and conventions, and applicable laws. The paper used a descriptive analytical method to analyse legal texts and classify them systematically. The study’s conclusions show that while Jordan has a big number of laws pertaining to press and media freedom, some of those regulations are in conflict with one another.