Gene Encoding F-Actin Binding Protein and LncRNA (LOC643414) Gene Polymorphisms in Thyroid Cancer: Review article

Background: Thyroid cancer (TC) represents the most prevalent form of endocrine malignancy, with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) constituting the most frequently diagnosed subtype. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to its development and progression. Recent studies highlight the significance of gene polymorphisms in tumor biology, particularly those involving long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) and actin-binding proteins. Objective: This review explored the potential role of polymorphisms in LSP1 gene, which encodes an F-actin binding protein, and CASC16 (LOC643414), an LncRNA, in TC susceptibility and pathogenesis. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was performed using Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, focusing on studies published in English between 2000 and 2024. Search terms included: TC, LSP1, CASC16, gene polymorphism, FOXA1, MAPK pathway, and F-actin. Relevant studies examining the molecular functions and genetic variations of these genes in TC or other malignancies were included. Conclusion: Polymorphisms in LSP1 and CASC16 may influence TC behavior through modulation of signaling pathways and gene regulation. LSP1 functions in cytoskeletal remodeling and leukocyte migration via the PKC and MAPK pathways. The CASC16 rs4784227 variant affects FOXA1 binding and chromatin accessibility, potentially altering oncogene expression. These findings suggest a possible role for these polymorphisms as biomarkers for TC risk and prognosis. Further research is warranted to validate their clinical significance.