Antibacterial Efficacy of Chitosan Nanoparticles-Incorporated with Different Endodontic Irrigation Solutions: An In-Vitro Study

Aim: ‎ The Purpose of this investigation was to evaluate antimicrobial effectiveness of ‎two concentrations of nanochitosan (NC 0.2%, 0.5%) combined with sodium ‎hypochlorite (NaOCl 5.25%) and chlorhexidine (CHX 2%). Materials and methods: Seventy two ‎‎,without caries, single rooted mandibular first premolars with developed apices ‎extracted for orthodontic purposes used. The roots of all teeth will be sectioned 14mm ‎from the tip of the root. The entire root surface was covered by two thin layers of nail ‎polish, and the apical ends of the roots were sealed with flowable composite. All ‎samples were prepared using the Protaper Ni-Ti rotary system.Ten microliters (10 µl) of ‎Enterococcus faecalis suspension were injected inside root canals and incubated for 48 ‎hours.Roots were divided at random into nine groups (n = 8).Group I: NC 0.2%, Group ‎II: NC 0.5%, Group III: NaOCl 5.25%, Group IV: CHX 2%, Group V: NC 0.2% + NaOCl ‎‎5.25%, Group VI: NC 0.5% + NaOCl 5.25%, Group VII: NC 0.2% + CHX 2%, Group ‎VIII: NC 0.5% + CHX 2%, Group IX: Distilled Water(D.W.). After disinfecting the ‎canal, intracanal bacterial samples were collected and counted in order to establish the ‎number of colony-forming units (CFUs). Result: According to the study, a statistically ‎significant difference was observed in mean of CFUs of the experimental groups and ‎control group. Highest antibacterial activity was when NC was mixed with NaOCl. ‎ Conclusion: This research demonstrates that there is synergistic antimicrobial activity ‎when NC irrigation solution (0.2%, 0.5%) is mixed with NaOCl 5.25% and CHX 2%.‎