An overview article focusing on neuropsychiatric involvement in Juvenile Systemic Lupus

Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE) is a common chronic inflammatory disease affecting multiple body systems, which occurs in individuals under he age of 16 years and presents in a pattern of remission and relapse. Clinical symptoms in children are varied and may include cutaneous, renal, hematological, constitutional, and neuropsychiatric problems. About 14–95% of people with jSLE experience a wide spectrum of neuropsychiatric symptoms. These manifestations can lead to significant morbidity and mortality, especially in younger individuals. The most common neuropsychiatric symptoms include headaches, seizures, cognitive impairments, and mood disorders. The underlying pathophysiological processes are intricate and not yet completely understood, with a significant emphasis on autoantibodies in ongoing research. Diagnosing neuropsychiatric jSLE is still a difficult task face rheumatologists that often relies on exclusionary criteria. This article examines the neuropsychiatric symptoms linked to jSLE, focusing on the goal of ensuring early diagnosis and timely treatment for affected children and adolescents.