Parental knowledge, practices, and challenges in managing Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV)-associated acute respiratory infections in children in Bangladesh

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a major global health concern, particularly for children. Each year, approximately 13 million children under five dies, with ARIs accounting for one-third of these deaths. ARIs such as human metapneumovirus (hMPV) can cause severe illnesses, including pneumonia and bronchitis. The emerging trend of hMPV highlights the urgent need for surveillance and public health awareness. This study aims to assess parental knowledge, practices, and challenges in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between December 2024 and January 2025, involving 405 parents of children aged 0–12 in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data were collected through structured interviews and supplemented by focus group discussions (FGDs) with 40 stakeholders, including healthcare professionals and parents. Results: Findings revealed that 45.4% of parents were aware of hMPV; however, significant knowledge gaps existed in symptom recognition, prevention, and transmission. Seasonal variation was observed, with ARIs peaking in winter (73%), including cases of pneumonia and the common cold. Common symptoms were cough (22.75%), fever (12.09%), and wheezing (12.59%). Notably, 26% of cases required hospitalization. Alarmingly, 81.9% of parents reported relying on self-medication before seeking professional care. Challenges included limited healthcare access, overcrowded living conditions, and insufficient awareness. FGDs emphasized the need for targeted awareness campaigns and improved pediatric healthcare infrastructure. Conclusions: Reducing hMPV-associated ARI burden in children requires greater parental awareness and strengthened healthcare policies. Enhanced preventive strategies, early diagnosis, and community-based interventions are essential for decreasing child morbidity and mortality in Bangladesh.