Determinant Factors of Stunting in Children with Congenital Heart Disease at Siti Khodijah Sepanjang Muhammadiyah General Hospital

Introduction: Stunting, a chronic condition of impaired linear growth due to malnutrition and recurrent infections, remains a severe public health issue in Indonesia, particularly among children with congenital heart disease (CHD). The interplay between CHD and stunting is driven by increased metabolic demands, feeding difficulties, and socioeconomic disparities. This study examines the determinants of stunting in children with CHD at Siti Khodijah Sepanjang Muhammadiyah Hospital, Indonesia, to inform targeted interventions. Methods: An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among children aged 1–5 years with CHD (n=19). Data were collected through questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and medical records. Variables included stunting status, socioeconomic factors, birth parameters, and family history. Statistical analyses (chi-square, t-tests, logistic regression) identified associations between risk factors and stunting. Results: The prevalence of stunting was alarmingly high (73.7%). Significant associations were found between stunting and low monthly income (<Rp3,000,000; OR=4.2, p=0.03) and lower birth weight (p=0.01). No significant links were observed with sex, paternal education, family history of CHD, or gestational age. Logistic regression confirmed low income and reduced birth weight as independent risk factors. Discussion: The findings highlight the dual burden of CHD and malnutrition, exacerbated by poverty and poor prenatal nutrition. Economic constraints limit access to nutritious food and healthcare, while low birth weight reflects suboptimal maternal health. Contrary to global trends, sex, and education showed no significant impact, possibly due to sample limitations. Multidisciplinary strategies, including nutritional rehabilitation, socioeconomic support, and improved antenatal care, are urgently needed. Conclusion: Stunting in children with CHD is strongly linked to low income and birth weight. Interventions must integrate poverty alleviation, maternal health programs, and specialized CHD care to mitigate malnutrition. Policymakers should prioritize equitable healthcare access and nutritional support for this vulnerable group.