Effective Separation of Li⁺/Mg²⁺ Using Cation Exchange Membrane from Brine and Water Under Electrodialysis

Sustainable energy production demands the efficient extraction of lithium ions from brines with high magnesium-to-lithium ratios for battery industries. A computational model of electrodialysis evaluates the efficiency of Li⁺ recovery together with Mg²⁺ rejection and energy requirements along with ion selectivity using cation exchange membranes. Lithium separation reaches its highest level when using voltage between 10–20V and current density between 20–30 mA/cm² while maintaining reduced energy usage. The Li⁺/Mg²⁺ selectivity ratio improved throughout the experiment while demonstrating the Donnan exclusion principle along with the monovalent ion preference for transport. The implementation of large-scale applications faces difficulties because of concentration polarization together with increasing power requirements. The process performance of lithium extraction can be enhanced through future developments in membrane technology together with hybrid separation methods and energy-efficient electrodialysis systems. The research findings contribute essential knowledge for enhancing lithium recovery operations which promotes the development of environmentally friendly lithium extraction technologies.