Rift valley fever in Sudan: Assessing public awareness and preventive practices in Al-Karad

Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease that affects animals and poses a risk to humans, with significant public health and economic implications in Sudan due to its dependence on livestock. This cross-sectional study investigates the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to RVF among residents of Al-Karad, Sudan. The study surveyed 100 households selected through systematic random sampling. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire covering demographics, household characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices related to RVF. SPSS was used for analysis, employing descriptive and inferential statistics, including Chi-square tests and logistic regression, to assess associations between demographic factors and KAP levels. The findings show low awareness, with only 48% of participants having heard of RVF. Knowledge gaps were prevalent, as 68% did not know how the disease spreads, and 73% were unaware of its seasonal transmission. Despite this, 57% had positive attitudes toward prevention. Gender distinctions were noted, with females showing better knowledge and attitudes, while males had better animal waste disposal practices. Risky behaviors, like eating raw meat and drinking raw milk, were minimal (8% and 7%, respectively). The study highlights the demand for enhanced health education and targeted interventions to address these gaps and enhance prevention strategies, particularly in a region vulnerable to RVF outbreaks.