Factors influencing home birth decisions among women in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia: A phenomenological study

Home birth, as an element of maternity care, has been the subject of considerable debate regarding its safety and efficacy. Recent evidence suggests that for low-risk, multiparous women, planned home birth can be as safe as hospital birth, with reduced intervention rates and enhanced overall birth experiences. Additionally, economic assessments indicate that home birth represents a cost-effective alternative in specific contexts. However, in many high-income countries, including Saudi Arabia, home births remain rare due to prevailing socio-cultural attitudes, health system policies, and perceptions regarding the safety of home deliveries. This qualitative phenomenological study aims to explore the factors influencing the decision to choose home birth among reproductive age women in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25-30 participants to gather in-depth insights into their attitudes, beliefs, and experiences regarding home birth. The study findings highlight the interplay of cultural beliefs, socio-economic status, and prior childbirth experiences in shaping the preference for home delivery. Furthermore, the study sheds light on potential enablers, including improved midwifery services and health education, which could facilitate greater acceptance of home birth in Saudi Arabia.