EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION ON PLANT METABOLISM AND GRAIN YIELD UNDER ELEVATED CARBON DIOXIDE IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)

Environmental factors influencing plant metabolic process, the increase in the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide with fluctuating temperature are important factors.The environmental factors that cause stress in rice affect the reproductive growth and development of the crop and cause high grain yield loss.The experiment was conducted in India to study the impact of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and the associated temperature stress showed that these factors have a significant negative impact on anther, pollen, yield, and resultant seed quality characteristics.The observations include reduction in anther length and width, pollen viability, pollen length, pollen radius, and pollen surface area, and yield.Extrinsic foliar applications of boric acid (BA), salicylic acid (SA) and Glycine betaine (GB) visually alleviated the effects of stress.A direct effect on mitigating the effects of the stress was observed which was confirmed by using antioxidant enzyme activities.Antioxidant enzymes like catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase show high activity in the treated plants.The results indicate the beneficial impact of the application of foliar treatment with BA (400 and 500 ppm), SA (600 and 800 ppm) and GB (400 and 600 M), on the anther, pollen and yield characters by mitigating the metabolic irregularities by the stress induced.