Anti-diabetic Effect of Ethyl acetate Extract of Spondias mombin (Linn) Stem Bark in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to insulin deficiency or resistance. Spondias mombin (Linn), commonly known as hog plum, is a tropical plant traditionally used for various medicinal purposes. This research aimed to assess the impact of ethylacetate extract from the stem bark of Spondias mombin (ESM) on blood glucose and various biochemical parameters in rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ). STZ-induced diabetic rats were categorized into six groups, each comprising five rats (n = 5). The first group served as the healthy control; the second group included healthy rats given 100 mg/kg of ESM, while groups 3 to 6 contained STZ-induced rats treated with 0.6 mL/kg of water, 50 mg/kg of metformin, 50 mg/kg of ESM, and 100 mg/kg of ESM respectively over a 14-day period. Weekly blood glucose levels were measured using test strips and an Accu-Chek glucometer. Biochemical assessments, including lipid profile, liver function, and kidney function tests, were conducted following standard procedures. Histological examination of the rats’ pancreas was performed after the experimental duration. The daily oral administration of ESM at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight in STZ-induced diabetic rats revealed a restoration of glucostasis, along with improvements in kidney, liver, and lipid dysfunction associated with diabetes. The extract positively influenced the pathological alterations in the pancreas caused by diabetes induction. S. mombin stem bark exhibits a glucose-lowering effect and ameliorates the pathological complications linked to diabetes.