IMPACT OF DIFFERENT FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ON RICE YIELD AND SOIL BACTERIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE

This study examines the effects of various fertilizer practices on rice yield and soil bacterial communities through field experiments.Treatments included no fertilization, single nutrient deficiencies (nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium), and compound fertilizer application.Results showed that compound fertilization significantly boosted rice yield to 8740.5 kg/ha, a 62.3% increase compared to the no-fertilizer control (5385.0kg/ha).It also enhanced nutrient levels in rice grains, straw, and soil.Nitrogen deficiency treatment did not significantly increase rice yield (5463.0 kg/ha) by only 1.4%, and nitrogen deficiency had a similarly large effect on the accumulation of nutrients in seeds and straw and on soil TN and effective phosphorus.Microbial analysis revealed that compound fertilization increased nitrogen-fixing (e.g., Anaeromyxobacter spp.) and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (e.g., Bradyrhizobium spp.) by 20.8% and 31.6%,respectively.Under nitrogen deficiency, Acidobacteriota abundance increased, indicating nitrogen's role in microbial activity and soil acidification.Phosphorus deficiency promoted Anaeromyxobacter and nitrifying Nitrospira, enhancing anaerobic decomposition and nitrification.Potassium deficiency elevated Thiobacillus, suggesting a microbial response to potassium scarcity.These findings highlight the importance of balanced fertilization with proper N, P, and K ratios to improve rice productivity, enhance soil health, and support sustainable agricultural practices.