Investigating the Multifaceted Therapeutic Potential of Firmiana colorata (Roxb.) R.Br. Leaf Extract: A Natural Remedy to Pain, Fever, and Oxidative Stress

Firmiana colorata (Roxb.), commonly found in the tropical and subtropical regions of South Asia, is one such plant widely used in Bangladeshi folk medicine. The present study aims to scientifically investigate the analgesic, antipyretic, and antioxidant activities of F. colorata through in vivo and in vitro assays, using crude methanol leaf extract and its various solvent fractions. Qualitative screening of phytochemicals of the plant's methanol extract was done using standard procedure. Utilizing the writhing model induced by the acetic-acid and paw-licking model triggered by formalin, the analgesic activity was assessed. Applying brewer’s yeast triggered pyrexia method the antipyretic effect was investigated. Potential against oxidative stress was examined by DPPH free radical and H₂O₂ scavenging assays. The writhing test showed significant analgesia, with NHFC extract (400 mg/kg) exhibiting the strongest inhibition of writhing 81.78%, indicating strong peripheral analgesia. The paw-licking test revealed mild central analgesic effects during the early phase for all extracts. Regarding antipyretic activity, all extracts significantly p<0.001 reduced the raised body temperature in a brewer's yeast-induced hyperpyrexia model, with NHFC showing the most promise as a natural alternative to conventional antipyretics. DMFC with an IC50 value of 34.67 µg/ml showed the most potent DPPH free radical neutralizing action among the extracts. It is believed that phytocomponds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins contribute to these therapeutic effects. The study offers insightful information on the medicinal potential of F. colorata, supporting its traditional uses and encouraging further exploration of its bioactive compounds for potential health benefits.