DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL INNOVATION ECOSYSTEMS: THE EXPERIENCE OF SWITZERLAND AND SWEDEN

The study identifies the fundamental foundations of the theory of innovation ecosystems (IES). The definition of IES is given, based on the studied material of foreign and domestic researchers. An attempt has been made to form an active structural part of the IES. The characteristics and typology of the IES are investigated. Using the example of the foreign experience of IES, a comparative analysis of two national IES was carried out, using the example of Switzerland and Sweden. The main innovation indicators of the countries that determine the leading positions of the innovative development of these countries in the ranking of the global innovation index are given. Distinctive characteristics in the structural part of the NPP have been identified. The main directions of investment cooperation between the structural elements of the national innovation system of Switzerland and Sweden are outlined. The structural part of the national innovation ecosystems of Switzerland and Sweden has been identified, and similarities and differences in the functioning of NIS have been established. The conclusions about the significant role and participation of the IES in the formation of the innovative potential of states are formulated. A characteristic feature of the IES is defined in connection with the creation of high-tech goods, the application and introduction of innovations and technologies into production, which help to create a valuable product, bring it to the end consumer and maintain its innovative status within the framework of industrial-scale production.