Epidemiology and Management of Long Bone Fractures from Road Traffic Accidents in Trauma and Specialist Hospital, Winneba, Ghana: A Four-Year Study (2019-2022)

ABSTRACT Background: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a leading cause of long bone fractures in Ghana, particularly in developing regions, such as Winneba. This study investigated the epidemiology and management of long bone fractures resulting from RTAs at the Trauma and Specialist Hospital Winneba (TSHW) between 2019 and 2022. Materials and methods: A quantitative descriptive design was employed to analyze data from 637 patients who underwent surgical treatment for RTA-related long bone fractures at the TSHW during the study period. Descriptive statistics were used to examine trends according to sex, body region, and surgical procedure. Results: Males accounted for 61% of the cases, and lower limb fractures were the most common injuries, representing 69% of all surgeries. Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) are the primary surgical interventions. A general decline in surgical cases was observed from 191 in 2019 to 100 in 2022. Sex-based differences were noted in the distribution of less common procedures, and a shift towards fewer invasive surgeries was evident in later years. Conclusion: While RTA-related long bone fractures remain a significant burden in Winneba, the declining trend suggests potential gains from ongoing road safety and public health interventions. However, the sustained predominance of injuries among young males underscores the need for targeted prevention efforts. Recommendations include strengthening road safety enforcement, bolstering trauma care and rehabilitation services, and promoting safer road use through public campaigns. Future research should adopt a broader scope to capture the full impact of RTAs in Ghana.