Application of Life Cycle Costing Models for Evaluating Operating Costs in Large Construction Projects

Abstract: The article examines the application of Life Cycle Costing models for assessing and managing operational costs in large-scale construction projects. It analyzes the development of the Life Cycle Costing concept, its theoretical foundations, and practical applications. Special attention is given to the impact of Life Cycle Costing models on decision-making processes, as well as methods for accounting for risks and uncertainties. A comparative analysis of various models is conducted, highlighting their advantages and limitations. An original classification of LCC models is proposed based on their analytical complexity and suitability for different project contexts. A case-based simulation is presented to demonstrate how scenario analysis and uncertainty modeling affect long-term cost outcomes. The study results emphasize the importance of utilizing Life Cycle Costing to optimize costs and improve construction efficiency in the long term.