A Comparative Study of Menstrual Health Awareness and Practices Among Adolescent Girls in Mawlai Nongsder

Abstract: This study presents a comparative analysis of menstrual health awareness, hygiene practices, and related challenges among adolescent girls in two socio-geographically distinct communities of Meghalaya, Mawlai (urban) and Nongsder (rural). The primary objectives are to assess menstrual hygiene management (MHM) practices, explore the influence of cultural and social taboos, and evaluate access to sanitary products and adequate facilities among adolescent girls aged 13–19. Adopting a cross-sectional design, data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires from 140 adolescent girls across six schools (four in Nongsder and two in Mawlai). The findings reveal notable rural–urban disparities in menstrual health awareness, hygiene practices, and access to menstrual products and sanitation facilities. Participants from Mawlai reported better access to sanitary pads, health education, and supportive infrastructure. At the same time, girls in Nongsder more frequently relied on traditional or reusable materials due to limited resources and awareness. The study also highlights a widespread lack of early menstrual education and limited family communication, especially in rural settings. Cultural taboos and silence around menstruation continue to shape adolescent girls’ menstrual experiences and often compromise their dignity and well-being. The study concludes that culturally sensitive, community-based interventions are essential to improve menstrual health outcomes. Recommendations include strengthening MHM education in schools, improving sanitation infrastructure, and fostering open dialogue within families and communities. Targeted efforts by government and non-government actors are necessary to promote menstrual equity and dignity for adolescent girls in both urban and rural Meghalaya.