The Application of LED-RGB Lights on Fish Aggregating Devices in Ternate

Fish aggregating devices (FADs) are widely used in tropical fisheries to concentrate pelagic fish species, enhancing catch efficiency and reducing fishing effort (Widodo et al., 2020; Syari et al., 2023).In Ternate, Indonesia, where small-scale fisheries play a vital role in local livelihoods, FADs serve as critical tools for sustaining fish production.However, conventional FADs have limitations in their ability to attract and retain fish, particularly under varying oceanographic conditions.Recent advancements in artificial lighting technology, particularly LED-RGB (Red, Green, Blue) systems, offer promising