Assessment of knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and utilization of artificial intelligence in medical education among medical students in a Nigerian university

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being integrated into medical education and healthcare. However, there is limited data on medical students' knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and utilization of AI in Nigeria. This study aims to assess these factors among medical students at a Nigerian university. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 342 medical students at Abia State University using a multistage sampling technique. Data was collected via a structured, self-administered questionnaire covering socio-demographics, AI knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and utilization. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23, with results presented in frequencies, percentages, and inferential statistics such as Chi-square and one-way ANOVA (p≤0.05 considered significant). Results: AI awareness was high (94.4%), yet only 20.8% had received formal training. The mean knowledge score was 8.16±3.08, with 54.8% demonstrating moderate knowledge. While 92.7% believed AI could improve healthcare, 66.4% opposed the idea that AI would replace doctors. AI was most associated with radiology and surgery. The mean attitude score was 1.44±3.01, and 55.9% had a positive attitude. Gender significantly influenced AI perception (p=0.024), with males showing more positive perceptions. AI utilization was highest among clinical students (p=0.013) and correlated with knowledge levels (p<0.001). Conclusions: Although awareness of AI is high, formal education on AI remains limited. Most students hold positive attitudes toward AI but express concerns about its impact on medical practice. Structured AI education and faculty engagement are essential for preparing future medical professionals for AI-driven healthcare.