SWOT analysis on the transition from Lithium-Ion batteries to Sodium-Ion batteries

The natural and atmospheric circumstances regarding energy resources are experiencing a transformation at the global level due to the exhaustion of the supply of conventional energy resources and climate change. With regards to energy storage systems, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have remained the most popular energy storage system technologies because of their high energy density, longer cycle life, and reliability. Nonetheless, the costs and scarcity of lithium as a raw material for REs are unreasonable in the long term. But, new chairs such as sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are seeing potential benefits over traditional batteries including the availability of Sodium, cost of raw materials, and eco-friendliness. However, there are concerns with SIBs about their less energy density in comparison with LIBs, which needs the invention of expertise. This paper seeks to establish the feasibility of SIBs by analyzing their strengths and weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Major and minor drawbacks presented in any SIB system are discussed regarding cost performance, safer operation, and environmental gains related to drawbacks such as energy density and cycles per life. Also, important dilemmas regarding LIBs presented in the literature including high efficiency, high power density, and environmentally sound recycling methods are discussed. This study underscores how different conditions may boost SIB performance, commercial feasibility and need for further technical efforts to eliminate existing obstacles so that SIBs can be effectively applied to smarter grids and other renewable energy systems.