Microbiome and Treatment Resistance in Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms and Solutions

This review investigates the complex role of the gut microbiome in modulating treatment resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC), examining mechanisms that influence therapeutic outcomes across chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies. Through a systematic search of databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, SciELO, and gray literature from Google Scholar, we identified relevant studies addressing microbial interactions with cancer treatments. Key insights reveal how specific microbial species, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, impact chemotherapy efficacy by altering drug metabolism and promoting immune evasion.