Clinical Characteristics and Outcome Associations of Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Temporally Associated with SARS-CoV-2 in a Brazilian Region

Introduction: Pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) temporally associated with prior infection by SARS-COV-2 has caused great concern in the pediatric community, and requires a better understanding of its presentation, characteristics, and evolution to guide more accurate treatment strategies.This study aimed to identify the epidemiological characteristics, signs, symptoms, and complementary changes in patients notified for MIS-C and relate these findings changes with complications and outcomes.Methods: Population-based study with data extracted from the reporting forms from January 2020 to April 2021, from a total of 14 Brazilian hospitals.This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Gois and was conducted with a non-probabilistic sample of 62 children.SPSS 27.0 software was used for database elaboration and analysis, with a significance level of 5% using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.Results: Of the 62 patients included, 31 (50.0%)corresponded to male sex, being the median age of 5 years (10 months to 17 years).The gastrointestinal system was the most affected in 83.8% of the cases.Hypotension/shock was the less prevalent diagnostic criterion, occurring in 22 patients (35.5%).Among the echocardiographic findings, valvulite (23.0%) and myocardial dysfunction (20.5%) were the most common.Arterial hypotension with the need for vasoactive drugs occurred in 16 patients (25.8%), noninvasive and invasive mechanical ventilation were used in 20.9% and 6.4%, respectively.There was one death and two cases of sequelae at discharge.Conclusions: There was a predominance of gastrointestinal and muco-skin signs supporting the diagnosis; hypotension/shock and cardiac dysfunction were the least observed.Death and sequel to discharge had a statistical relationship with CT with "ground-glass" and mechanical ventilation.Similarly, vasoactive drugs and mechanical ventilation were associated in the multivariate analysis.