Machine Learning-Based Interpretable Screening for Osteoporosis in Tuberculosis Spondylitis Patients Using Blood Test Data: Development and External Validation of a Novel Web-Based Risk Calculator with Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)

This study successfully developed and validated an ML-based tool for predicting osteoporosis in TS patients using readily available clinical data. The model demonstrated robust predictive performance and was effectively integrated into a user-friendly online application, offering a practical solution to enhance surgical decision-making and improve patient outcomes in real-time clinical settings.