Study of Risk Factors and Common Micro-organism Associated with Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in Tertiary Care Center

INTRODUCTION: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is defined as pneumonia that occurs 48–72 hours or thereafter following endotracheal intubation, characterized by the presence of a new or progressive infiltrate, signs of systemic infection (fever, altered WBC), changes in sputum characteristics, and detection of a causative agent. VAP contributes to approximately half of all cases of hospital-acquired pneumonia. VAP is estimated to occur in 9–27% of all mechanically ventilated patients, with the highest risk being early in the course of hospitalization. It is the 2(nd) most common nosocomial infection. VAP rates range from 1.2 to 8.5 per 1,000 ventilator days & are reliant on the definition used for diagnosis. Risk for VAP is greatest during the first 5 days of mechanical ventilation (3%) with the mean duration between intubation and development of VAP being 3.3 days. This risk declines to 2%/day between days 5 to 10 of ventilation, & 1%/day thereafter. Earlier studies placed the attributable mortality for VAP at between 33–50%. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: To study the risk factor and micro-oraganism with ventilator associated pneumonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A Prospective study conducted over a period of 6 months. 75 Patients were taken into the study. RESULTS: Out of 75 patient, Diabetes Mellitus was found in 37 (50%), and Hypertension in 33 (44%), COPD in 12 (16%), CAD in 9 (12%), Dilated Cardiomyopathy in 5 (6%) and Hypothyroidism in 3 (4%). Culture reports showed Acinetobacter baumannii in 33 (44%) cases, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 19 (25.3%)\Citrobacter freundii in 10 (13.3%) cases, Klebsiella pneumonia in 9 (12%) cases, and, E.coli 4 (5.3%) cases. CONCLUSION: In our study, the most common organism causing VAP was Acinetobacter baumannii and mostly found in diabetic patients.