Chain-mediation effect of cognitive flexibility and depression on the relationship between physical activity and insomnia in adolescents

The study strengthens evidence for the associations between adolescent physical activity, insomnia, cognitive flexibility and depression, demonstrating that the beneficial effects of physical activity on insomnia are sequentially mediated through cognitive flexibility and depression. Given the dual benefits of physical activity for both sleep quality and mental health, we recommend implementing targeted physical activity interventions for adolescents, with particular emphasis on activities designed to enhance cognitive flexibility.