The historical aspects of the formation of research competence in students in physics education

The article discusses the theoretical foundations of forming research competence in education seekers in physics education. Research competence is defined as the integrative ability of students to independently apply methods for analysis, problem- solving, and acquiring new knowledge. Based on the analysis of contemporary scientific works, the evolution of research competence is highlighted, from ancient times to modern digital educational innovations.It is emphasized that the development of research competence is an important component of modern education, which focuses on a competency-based approach, the integration of knowledge, and the development of interdisciplinary connections. The contribution of classical thinkers (Socrates, Aristotle) to the formation of the foundations of scientific knowledge, the role of the Enlightenment era in introducing empirical methods, and the influence of John Dewey's ideas on the development of inquiry-based learning are discussed. Special attention is given to the 20th century, with a focus on the contributions of L. Vygotsky and P. Galperin in shaping the activity-based approach, as well as on the concepts of critical thinking proposed by Benjamin Bloom. The integration of research methods into the educational standards of Europe and the United States is also explored. The article shows how digital technologies, such as virtual laboratories and interactive simulations, contribute to the development of students' research skills in the school physics curriculum. Research competence is crucial for forming students' ability to engage in self- directed learning, critical thinking, information analysis, and creative problem-solving.Additionally, the article discusses the challenges of implementing research methods in modern Ukrainian education, particularly the lack of technical support and the need for professional development of educators. It concludes that further research into methods for forming research competence in the school physics curriculum is necessary, especially through the integration of STEM methodologies, digital tools, and interdisciplinary projects.