Effects of dual task training on attention and executive functioning in hemodialysis patients: a preliminary study

[Purpose] This study aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise and dual-task training on the attention and executive functions of hemodialysis patients using the Trail Making Test B and to make recommendations for clinical practice. [Participants and Methods] Patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups, with 10 individuals in each group. The first group, designated the dual-task group, performed both motor and cognitive tasks in addition to regular dialysis treatment. The second group, designated the exercise group, performed only motor tasks in addition to regular dialysis treatment. The third group served as the control group and underwent regular dialysis. The performance on the Trail Making Test B was compared among the dual-task, exercise, and control groups. [Results] The dual-task group exhibited a significantly shorter completion time for the Trail Making Test B after the intervention period than at the pre-intervention baseline. However, no significant differences were observed between the exercise and control groups. [Conclusion] The findings of this study indicate that dual tasks may facilitate improvements in attention and executive function in hemodialysis patients. We conclude that dual-task training is effective in enhancing the attention and executive functions of hemodialysis patients.