A longitudinal study of frailty reversibility through a multi-component dementia prevention program

[Purpose] We evaluated the effects of a multicomponent intervention for pre-frail and frail older adults and assessed changes in cognitive function and body composition to explore frailty reversibility. [Participants and Methods] A total of 51 community-dwelling older adults aged 70 years or older were classified into the Robust (n=28) and Prefrail/Frail groups (n=23) using the Kihon Checklist. A 3-month intervention combining exercise and cognitive training was implemented. Cognitive function was assessed using the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology functional assessment tool, and body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. [Results] Compared with the Robust group, the Prefrail/Frail group exhibited significantly improved processing speed, whereas other cognitive function measures showed no significant changes. [Conclusion] These findings suggest that short-term intervention may enhance specific cognitive functions associated with frailty. Further research is needed to clarify the long-term effects.