The Possible CardioprotectiveEffect of Empagliflozin During Endotoxemia in Mice Model

Background:Sepsis is a major complication for seriously ill people with shock, major infections, serious burns, or severe trauma. Inflammation imbalance is the primary underlying cause of sepsis progression and persists continuously over the entire sepsis course. Empagliflozin is an orally administered medication for diabetes that selectively inhibits sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 to improve kidney elimination of glucose. It has been discovered that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 exhibit anti inflammation and multiple effects, suggesting that they may be beneficial and prevent infections. Aim of study:This study was undertaken to assess Empagliflozin's cardioprotective efficacy in septic mice through its potent anti- inflammatory and anti- apoptotic effects by decreasing the cardiac marker N-terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide, the pro-inflammatory markers Nuclear factor kappa B and interleukin-6, and the apoptotic marker caspase-3. Methods:The study involved 35 male Swiss albino mice from Cancer Research Center in Iraq. They weighed 30 to 35g and were 8 to 12 weeks old, housed in an animal house at the University of Kufa. There were five groups of mice(n=7): (control group)Mice was received their normal diets prior to sampling, (sham group)Mice was exposed to anesthesia and laparotomies,(sepsis group)Mice was exposed to the cecal ligation and puncture technique,(vehicle group)Mice were given the same quantity ofdimethyl sulfoxide once daily for three days prior to thececal ligation and puncture; the last dose was given an hour before to thececal ligation and puncture, and (Empagliflozin-treated group)Mice was received intraperitoneal injections of Empagliflozin at a daily dosage of 10/mg/kg for three days before to the cecal ligation and puncture; the final dose was given an hour before to the cecal ligation and puncture. To determine the serum level of N-terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide, laparotomy was performed and blood was collected directly from the heart. While tissue samples were collected from hearts to measure nuclear factor kappa B, interleukin-6, and caspase-3 levels by using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay kits. Histological examinations were performed on the heart histological sections, assessing the degree of heart injury and scoring system parameters. Results:Compared to the control and sham groups, the sepsis and vehicle groups had significantly increased mean levels of N-Terminal Pro–Brain Natriuretic Peptide, Nuclear factor kappa B, Interleukin-6, and Caspase-3. Compared to the sepsis and vehicle groups, the Empagliflozin-treated group had significantly lowered mean level ofN-Terminal Pro–Brain NatriureticPeptide, Nuclear factor kappa B, Interleukin-6, and Caspase-3.The histopathological analysis of the control and sham groups for heart tissue revealed normal morphology. Sepsis and