Simulation of the Effects of Stand Factors on Spruce Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

A model was developed to simulate the life history of instar-I through instar-I1 spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens). Particular emphasis was given to the redistribution phases during spring and fall and the factors affecting budworm survival. Analyses included the effects of aggregated stand types, temperature, cloud cover, open areas, and the species distribution, on redistribution mortality. Of those stand factors examined, open area and non-host percentages were the most important in regulating redistribution survival.