Key Technologies and Challenges for Optimal Operation of Distribution Networks under High-Proportion Renewable Energy Integration

Driven by the "dual-carbon" goals, high-penetration renewable energy integration has become a critical trend in constructing a new power system. This research systematically reviews technical challenges of distribution network operation under high renewable energy scenarios, focusing on intermittency and diverse integration modes that cause voltage fluctuations and complex power flow dynamics. Key technologies are synthesized from existing studies, such as advanced forecasting algorithms, intelligent dispatch optimization, source-network-load-storage coordination, and AC/DC hybrid architecture design, etc. By integrating digital twin and artificial intelligence, a data- physics driven framework is proposed for multi-scale optimal operation. This framework addresses economy-reliability trade-offs through energy storage and multi-energy coupling, while interdisciplinary innovation promotes self-aware and self-decision-making distribution networks. This review provides a technical roadmap for optimizing high-penetration renewable energy systems by integrating state-of-the-art technologies and future research directions.This paper makes a comprehensive and in-depth analysis and research on the key technologies and challenges of distribution network optimization under the background of high proportion of new energy access, and puts forward some valuable insights and suggestions, which have certain significance for promoting its progress and development.