Path and mechanism for realizing the cultural service value of ecological products in national parks

The cultural service value realization of ecological products builds a bridge between ecosystems and human well-being and it is an important part of the exploration of the value realization mechanism of ecological products in national parks. In order to promote the transformation of lucid waters and lush mountains in national parks to invaluable assets and better meet people's growing demand for high-quality cultural ecosystem services, this paper proposed the path and mechanism of realizing the value of cultural service of ecological products in national parks (CSEPNPs) on the condition of the identification of functional characteristics and realization conditions. The analysis followed the chain process of "function-product/services-benefit-value" of ecosystem services based on the framework of ecosystem services cascade. We found that the path of realizing the value of CSEPNP includes six steps, namely clear ownership, survey and monitoring, product production, value accounting, project operation and trading. It was suggested to improve and optimize the mechanism on realizing the value of CSEPNP from policy, ecological compensation, investment, franchising, technology application, and public participation. In view of the characteristics of joint production of cultural ecosystem services and strong dependence on social construction, the value realization mechanism proposed in this paper from the perspective of stakeholders was conducive to improving and optimizing the humanistic feedback of the cascade framework in theory, and promoting the supply and demand matching between ecological products and cultural services in national parks in practice. With the continuing study on supply-side theory, method and policy, future research should pay attention to demand-side investigation, monitoring, evaluation methods and public participation and supervision mechanism research, so as to achieve real-time matching of supply and demand.