Precisely Targeting TGF‐β1 Promoter G‐Quadruplex for Expediting Maturation of Tumor Dendritic Cells to Overcome Immune Evasion

The maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) represents a pivotal determinant in tumor immunotherapy efficacy. In advanced tumors, the immune-suppressive transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) is frequently overexpressed and plays a central role in immune suppression. Elevated TGF-β1 levels significantly impair DCs maturation, leading to reduced expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and inflammatory cytokines, consequently diminishing DCs-mediated T cell activation. Here, this work first validates the presence of a stable G-quadruplex (G4) structure within the TGF-β1 promoter region. To minimize the off-target effects, this work establishes a system precisely targeting TGF-β1 promoter G4. Through CRISPR-mediated precise targeting of TGF-β1 promoter G4 by G4 ligand biotin-labeled pyridodicarboxamide (Bio-PDC), this work demonstrates its functional role in downregulating TGF-β1 expression. By combing ZIF-8 as the carrier of Bio-PDC, the downregulation of TGF-β1 is enhanced in a dual pathway, which subsequently facilitated DCs maturation. These results highlight the key regulatory role of TGF-β1 promoter G4 in DCs maturation and suggest its therapeutic potential as a synergistic target for enhancing immunotherapy efficacy by counteracting tumor immune evasion mechanisms.