Formulation, Optimization, and in Vitro Release Study of Felodipine- Loaded Liposomes for Enhanced Solubility and Therapeutic Efficacy

Liposomal drug delivery systems have revolutionized pharmaceutical formulations by enhancing bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. This study focused on developing a liposomal formulation of felodipine (FLD), a Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) Class II antihypertensive drug with poor oral bioavailability. Liposomes were prepared using the thin-film hydration method, followed by characterization for particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro drug release. The optimized formulation (L12) exhibited a particle size of 155.3 nm, a zeta potential of -22.9 mV, and an entrapment efficiency of 93%, ensuring stability and high drug encapsulation. In vitro drug release studies demonstrated a sustained release profile, with a significant percentage of drug released over 24 hours, fitting the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. The findings suggested that liposomal encapsulation significantly improved the solubility and controlled release of felodipine, providing a promising approach for enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic potential.