Evaluation of some hormones and trace elements in renal failure patients

Renal tissue has a crucial role in electrolyte and acid-base balance maintenance. Failure of kidney functions will develop a condition termed renal failure (RF), which leads to various disorders, including anemia, metabolic acidosis, and endocrine dysfunction. The current research aims to study certain trace elements and hormones related to renal failure; the study included 200 dialysis patients and 70 healthy controls who visited Azadi Teaching Hospital from December 2023 to April 2024. All participants were assessed for biochemical and hormonal tests, including renal function, trace elements, complete blood count, and erythropoietin and vasopressin levels. Our data illustrated that renal failure (RF) patients had lower GFR levels (58.67±40.20). Our data showed that the average levels of erythropoietin (EPO) at 42.71 ng/dl and vasopressin (AVP) at 55.87 mg/dl were much lower in RF patients compared to the control group, with a significance level of P<0.05. Additionally, serum selenium was significantly lower (at 89.41 ng/dl for Se) in RF patients than in the control, while serum nickel was significantly higher in RF patients, with a mean of 62.72 ng/dl for Ni. In conclusion, our data revealed a significant decline in erythropoietin and vasopressin hormones in RF patients. Additionally, the selenium level decreased. However, the nickel level in the blood was higher in the patient group, which can lead to impaired renal filtration and an increased risk of renal injury.