Detecting benzodiazepine use through induced eye convergence inability with a smartphone app: a proof-of-concept study
The loss of eye convergence induced by lorazepam is continuous, individual, and can be partial. Smartphone-based eye-scanning technology combined with a classifier adapted to the ability of eye convergence of individuals shows promising performance in detecting ingestion of lorazepam.
Authors
- Karl Andersson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9141-9242)
- Maria Winkvist
- Markku Hämäläinen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7328-1083)
- Fred Nyberg (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7142-3479)
- Monique van Velzen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0289-6432)
- Andreas Zetterström
- Kiki W. K. Kuijpers (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1025-9476)
- Albert Dahan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3161-3945)
- Marieke Niesters (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2822-7509)
Institutions
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Outcomes Research Consortium (US)
- University of Skövde (SE)
- Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
- Centre for Human Drug Research (NL)
- Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group (NL)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Frontiers in Digital Health
- Published
- 2025-05-30
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2025.1584716
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Sleep and related disorders
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 2.12