Identifying confounders and estimating the causal effect of antenatal care on age-specific childhood vaccination
The significance testing method with a <i>p</i>-value of less than or equal to 0.2 performed better than a change in estimate method at a 10% cut point of effect change for confounder identification. Mothers' age at first birth, region, place of residence, education status of mothers, presence of radio and television in the household, religion, household size, wealth status, total children ever born, and birth order number are identified as confounders.
Authors
- Haile Mekonnen Fenta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3919-2762)
- Zelalem G. Dessie (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9056-6822)
- Temesgen T. Zewotir (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1503-8055)
- Ashagrie Sharew Iyassu
Institutions
- Oulu University Hospital (FI)
- Center for Environmental Health (US)
- Bahir Dar University (ET)
- Debre Markos University (ET)
- University of KwaZulu-Natal (ZA)
- University of Oulu (FI)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Frontiers in Public Health
- Published
- 2025-05-30
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1420567
- Primary Topic
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00